Pliers or kindred tool.



No. 681,!60. Patented Aug. 20, I90].

3. G. WEIBEZAHL. mans on KINDRED 10mg.

Application filed Jan. 9, 1901.) woman.) 2 sham-sheet 1 No. sa|,|6o.' j Patented Aug. 20, mm.v

n. a. WEIBEZAHL.

PLIERS on KINDRED Tnouf (Application filed Jan. 9, I901.) (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

- lnml mmmu II 1 THE yjORRIS PEYERS on. wom uma" wasnmsrou. n. c.

M UNITED 'STATnsPATENT OFFICE.

HERMAN GEORGNVEIBEZAHL, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

PLIERS OR KINDRED TOOL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 681,160, dated August 20, 190 1.

Application filed January 9, 1901. Serial No. 42,653. (No model.) I

. BEZAHL, a citizen of the United States, and a. resident of the borough of Manhattan, city,

county, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Pliers or Kindred Tools, of which the following is a specification.

The object of my invention is to provide a portable tool ofconvenient size and form and possessing. great capacity for a variety of useful work. It involves a combination of one H or more pairs of parallel-moving sets of jaws operated simultaneously by the same movement of the handles through a combination of compound leverages, single or duplex, my primary power being derived through two independent levers, each working on its own fulcrum, which is movable and pivoted to its load, which also is movable, with the fulcrums approaching the loads and the levers relatively lengthening as the jaws approach each otherthat is to say, the nearer the tool is closed the closer are the fulcrums to the load and the longer become the levers, with the result that as the need for power increases it is automatically supplied. A secondary system of levers is used through which the power is communicated and which assist in drawing the various jaws toward each other and insure the parallel position of all the jaws.

' I have adapted the tool for single compound leverage and for duplex compound leverage,

each having the principles above outlined in its construction. I will first describe what I consider the best form ofmy inventionthat with the duplex .compoundleverageand will afterward indicate certain important modifications.

The accompanying drawings form part of this specification and represent what I consider thebest means of carrying out the inis still another form of my invention, showing the same in an open position. In this view the secondary levers on the near face are omitted. Fig. 8 is a view of the tool shown in Fig. 7, the same being illustrated as closed. Fig. 9 is a general face view of a modification employing the single compound leverage. The auxiliary levers on the near side are omitted.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures where they appear.

* I have shown the end carrying the terminal jaws as the upper end and may refer to it as such, although it will be understood that the tool may be worked in all positions.

Referring to Fig. 1, A B are the primary levers, crossing each other and pivoted to the slides carrying the side jaws. I will describe them separately.

The lever A is bifurcated, each of the tines extending over the corresponding tines of the lever B. Pivotal pins A connect the tines of the lever A with a lip G on each side of the slide G, the terminals of the tines being recessed in said slide on its outer faces. A slot is provided at a, in which works a rivet D which constitutes the connection between this lever and the secondary levers D D and the tongue F B is the opposite lever. It is slotted at b, in which slot works the rivet G which constitutes its fulcrum and connects it with the secondary levers C G and the tongue E It is pivoted by the pin B to the slide H, being set between thelips H" on said slide and the tongue F This lever is also bifurcated, but made narrower than its mate, so that its tines will work easily betweenthose of the lever A. Although in contact with each other,

ate thickness, but wide, and are joined at their centers by a rivet W. Each of :these levers has a wing extending laterally near its mid-length, each lever therefore having three terminals. Each terminal carries one end of a terminal rivet, which, extending through to the opposite side of the. tool, stiffly connects the front and back levers at those points. The rivet C connects the lower terminals of the two levers C and passes through the tongue E to be presently described, and through both tines of the primary lever B in the slot. at b. The pin or rivet D performs similar functions in the corresponding oppo: site parts. The pin 0 connects the upper extremities of both levers O, passing through F in the slot atf. The pin D connects the upper extremitiesof the levers D D, working in the slot e. In the lateral wings or arms C of the levers O C'is a slot at c, in which Works the pin H hereinafter described. In the slot at d the pinG similarly connects the arms of the levers D D. The two pairs of le* vers O D D G revolve freely upon the rivet W, which joins them to each other. In order to make the various terminals of each pair occupy the same plane on their respective sides of the tool, I underlay the various terminals of the outer plates with sections of metal of the same thickness, as indicated by X. in Fig. 5.

E is the portion of the tool carrying one member, E, of the upper pair of jaws and e. mbe E of h ccr sp d g p -o side jaws. A tongue E -exte'nds downward parallel to the face of the jaw E and carries the slide G, before referred to. I provide an upright slot at e, in which works the pin or rivet D. The rivet 0 extends through the lower endof the tongue E as before mentioned. E" represents small teeth formed on a perti'o'nof the inner face of the tongue E F- is a counterpart to the member E. It has the jaws F F and the tongue F equipped with fine teeth F It is slotted at fand receives the rivet C. The rivet D which has been heretofore referred to as the fulcrum of the leverA, extends through'the lower end of the tongue F The slide G is matched upon the tongue E upon which it easily moves upward or down ward. It has the jaw G formed to match that of the corresponding jaw E and has lips G, which engage with the lever A by a smoothlyrounded surface, to be again re ferred to. The parts are held together by the rivet A. The pin G extends through the slide G, Working in the slots d' in the lateral wings of the secondary levers D. Another hole to receive this pin is provided at g, so that the extent of closing the side jaws may be altered by a change of position of the pin fromone hole to the other.

G is a rack recessed into the slide G,which rack is equipped with teeth designed to. mesh into the corresponding teeth E on the tongue. It is pivoted at G, so as to allowit to swing inward to a limited extent only, be-

p the secondary levers to move upward.

ing arrested by its inner recess, and is pressed inward by a spring G The uses of this rack will be set forth hereinafter.

H is a slide arranged in the reverse position to the slide G and is similar thereto, except that whereas the lips G lie close to the corresponding tongue E and allow the rivets A to extend outward and receive the lever A on their outer face the lips H lie sufli ciently away from the corresponding tongue F to receive the terminals of the lever B on .their inner faces between the lips and the tongue, the. rivet B extending inward from the lips H to form the necessary strong engagement with the operating-lever B. I and J are springs urging the levers A B apart.

In the operation of the tool as the primary levers A B are pressed together, being pivoted on the slides G and H and working over the independent fulc-rums, C D the latter are forced toward each other. Asthese carry" the secondary levers O D and the members E F, the various jaws consequently all approach each other, the slots in the upper portions of E-and F allowing the upper terminalejlef e primary levers A B, working over their respective fulcrums, lift upward the slides G and H with great force'by means of their terminals. The slots c d in the lateral ter minals of the secondary levers, in which slide the pins G H regulate the upward movement of the slides and give the latter uniformity of action, assisting also in their movement to powerful-1y close the side jaws E G F I-P orto" partially close the same, according as the pins G H are set in one or another of the holes in their respective slides. As the pins 0 D constituting the fulc'rums of the primary levers, travel toward each other and upward in the slots 19 a the distance between the fulcrums and the load is decreased, while by the same change the handles of the primary levers are lengthened and a constantlyincreasing power is obtained as the need for same grows greater. While this combination of leverages gives a motion and action to the side jaws analogous to that commonly known as the toggle-joint, the movement of the jaws as they close decreasing very largely near the termination of the closing movement ascompared to the motion of the opcrating-levers, and therefore gaining greatly in force, the movement also resembles the spiral. The portion of the circle described by the upper extremities of the levers A B is a constantly-decreasing one, the fulcrnms being taken as the center, and the lower extremities of the levers describe a proportion ately-increasin g radius as the tool is closing. Theresult of this movement is that the nearer the tool is closed the more directly above the levers comes the load and the more powerfully are the jaws made to act. Itwill also be seen that as the tool closes the secondary lovers are forced toward the upper terminals IIO of the end jaws, lessening the strain on those jaws and strengthening their gripping power, transferring the strain to the tongues. A

1 greater resistance power is also giventherej by to the jaws E F, the rising of the pins in the slots increasing the hypotenuse of a r triangle formed by the slots 6 f acting as the the slides G H The surfaces fit each other closely. This relieves the pins A B from j of the secondary levers, making the tool not strain and also relieves the pins G H3, working in the slots at c d in the lateral terminals only one of extraordinary power and capacity,

but also one of great durability, every part j helping to support the other no matter at 20.

what point the pressure is sustained.

I employ the toothed racks G H to lock the tool and relieve the hands after the object I to be manipulated has been firmly grasped.

The operating of the tool tends to bring the racks G H into contact with the corresponding toothed surfaces at E F through the in- ,wvardly-pulling strain exerted upon the slides j G H by the primarylevers A B, owing to any slight natural side play in the slides upon i .1 3.

their tongues, the latter being made slightly narrower than the matched holes through the slides which work upon said tongues. As

the slides move upward the racks ride over 1.1 I. the teeth E F until one of the sets of jaws a grasped, when the teeth become firmly locked comes into contact with the object to be and remain so until the handles are allowed to open, when the outward push of the levers t f upon the slides tilts these strongly upward and throws the racks and teeth apart. In

. opening the tool the racks are always removed The gripping of an object with parallel surfaces by one pair of 'the side the corresponding toothed surface, but the the end jaws, both racks will be engaged.

.compound leverage.

tool will be held by the other rack and correspondin g teeth. When the strain comes upon Fig.9 is a modification employing single Its parts correspond to x portions of the duplex described above, ex- 1,55. l r is a simpler tool and may be made cheaper,

ceptthat only one of the handles turns. It

while giving a good part of the same advan- 1 l tages- In this Fig. 9 the primary lever Afit instead of being pivoted to a lip or lug Efi, as :shown, may extend farther, exactly as the corresponding part is shown in Fig. 1, and be l similarly connected to the slide on the left j. sideof the figure. I prefer the form shown in Fig. 1.

Other modifications may be made without departing from the principle or sacrificing the advantages of my invention, such as bending the terminals of the secondary levels so i as to have them occupy the same plane, as indicated by Y in Fig. 8. I can make the parts G H and E F slightly roughened or corrugated or make the parts G H with but one tooth instead of a series. I may reverse ers and kindred tools, it may be made use of in various ways. Its great power and the engagement of the teeth when in use automatically make it especially adapted to apply to a wrench, nippers, cutters, gas-pliers, and a variety of other opening and closing devices for various purposes or for a combination of various tools.

Parts of the construction shown may be used without others. I may employ only one pair of side jaws, as shown by E G? in Fig. 6, the provision for the sliding connection with the tongue F of the opposite end jaw l5 being established by a rivet B engaging the ends of the tines of the primary lever B and playing in the slot F When I use only a pair of end jaws, as indicated by E F in Figs. 7 and 8, then the sliding provision with both tongues E F of said j awsis established by rivets A B engaging with the ends of.

the tines of the primary levers A B and playing in slots E F By these arrangements I thus retain all the features of the powerful leverage of the tool, although employing but one or two sets of jaws.

Having now fully described my invention, what I claim is- 1. In a pair of pliers, end jaws in combination with side jaws, equipped to insure parallel movements of each set, and with a single pair of operating-handles, all arranged for joint operation substantially as herein specified.

2. In a pair of pliers, end jaws in combination with side jaws all equipped to insure parallel movements,- and with a single pair of operating-handles, slotted and crossed, all arranged to serve substantially as herein specified.

3. In a pair of pliers,- end jaws in combination with side jaws, carried on slides, all equipped to insure parallel movements, and with a single pair of operating-handles, slotted and crossed, with circular bearings at the operating ends of the handles and corresponding recesses in the slides, all arranged for joint operation, substantially as herein specified.

4.. A pair of pliers having a plurality ofparallel-moving jaws actuated by two sets of levers, the primary set, serving as handles, be-

on independent movable fulcrums, with a secondary set of levers working in slots in the portions carrying the end jaws and rising in said slots as the tool is closed, all substantially as herein specified.

6. In a pair of pliers, end jaws and side jaws, each pair of jaws having parallel motions, in combination with secondary levers having side wings, mechanical connection between such wings and side jaws, and a single pairof operating-handles,all arranged substantially as herein specified.

7. In a pair of pliers, end jaws and side jaws, each pair of jaws having parallel motions, in combination with secondary levers having side wings, mechanical connection between such wings and side jaws, and provisions for changing the adjustment of such connections so as to vary the opening of the side jaws relatively to the end jaws, all substantially as herein specified.

' 8. A pair of pliers having parallel-moving jaws actuated by two sets of levers, the primary levers fastened to movable centers, and working on movable fulcrums, arranged to automatically shift the f ulcrums and increase the length of the levers, adapted to serve substantially as herein specified.

9. In a pair of pliers having parallel-movin g jaws, the combination of movable fulcrums and'center's and variable levers with secondary lovers with lateral terminals, slotted, such secondary levers being engaged through slots atone terminal and pivoted at the other terminals by means of pins 0 D combined as shown, so that eachvof said pins performs the triple functions of a fulcrum for a primary lever, a pivot for two secondary levers and a means for controlling directly a tongue of the parallel end jaws, all

adapted to serve substantially as herein specified.

10. In a pair of pliers having parallel-moving jaws, moving centers, shifting fulcrums and variable primary levers working in conjunction with sets of secondary levers, of toothed racks and corresponding toothed surfaces, arranged to mesh automatically when HERMAN GEORG WEIBEZAHL.

Witnesses:

J. B. OLAUTIoE, M. F. BOYLE. 

